Not sure that I understand what you mean by re-clocking the backplate. Did you check run out on the face of the backplate?
First I would disassemble it completely, clean, inspect and lube the chuck.
Then, if there is more than one pinion to turn the scroll, try each pinion to identify the one that gives the least run out. Only use that one from then on.
Test for run out with different diameters, say 1/2'', 3/4 and 1'' to see how they compare. Repeat at least twice to see if results are repeatable.
Take the diameter with the least run out and try the tap in method to reduce run out.
All this will give you an idea of what the limits of the chuck are and how to get the best from it.
Re grinding the jaws will in principle only fix run out at the position the jaws are holding during grinding. Change the size of the jaw opening and all bets are off.