A 5c adapter to fit your lathe spindle, used with a draw bar. Next would be the same, but lever-actuated. Next would be a 5c chuck, then the Atlas type you linked to.
Another option is to forgo 5c and use ER collets, which is a much better option in my opinion. If you can find or make a direct mount ER collet chuck then it is more flexible and economic to go with the ER system because a full set of ER collets is much cheaper than a full set of 5c collets. Granted, you won't have the ability to use hex or square collets like the 5c system but then again, you have 3 and 4 jaw chucks.
Some guys really like the 5c system, especially when you have a lot of parts to make from a consistent diameter stock for which you have a collet of the proper size. In a hobby shop, lots of stuff is made from stock or scrap that may not be nominal sized, which is why an ER system is more flexible. Because an ER collet grabs along is entire inner surface, I also think an ER collet is more accurate than a 5c that grabs with only the front 1/2" or so of the collet.
I have both - a 5c system and an ER system for my lathes and I use the ER far more often. Just an opinion.