But, its not ( a patternmakers lathe), it is a screw cutting engine lathe with back gearing; In many ways it is peculiar, such as the weighted carriage (see the big weight hanging underneath) there is no other provision to hold the carriage down on the ways, also note the very short travel of the cross slide, only perhaps 3 or 4 inches, and the carriage is move back and forth by a leaf chain between the ways by sprockets, there is no rack gear or apron. The power feed long ways is powered by the worm and gear setup below the headstock, which pulls the carriage by the chain. There is supposed to be a large wheel on the worm gear shaft to make fast motion adjustments to the carriage while the worm is disengaged.
There is a similar lathe in the Smithsonian collection that has this feature, only it would seem to be even older, in that it has a wooden bed with iron way strips screwed on top of the bed.