In the future it would be helpful if you gave some more specifics about the brand, specific model, year, etc about your lathe as that could determine if you could source an OEM part. Many of these lathes were sold under different brand names and parts are sometimes interchangeable. It is very unlikely that you would be able to buy a gear and modify it, in a larger shop they may be able to fabricate it. There are quite a few companies that fabricate gears, but my concern would be if they can heat treat the gear properly and often there is some form of finishing/sizing to gears. Best bet would be to get some preliminary quotes then pull your gear and send to the company to do exact dimensions. Also check to see why it happened and also other gears that it meshed to.
Just a few sites that fabricate gears.
www.rushgears.com
www.thegearmaker.com
Use this form to submit your custom gear drawing
www.khkgears.us
Added Boston Gear, they are a large source of gears, they also do custom gears. As mentioned, it is not only the making of the gear but proper steel and heat treating of the teeth. If you have the manual you may be able to pull a part number and see if there what you can find.
Depending on the amount of tooling required and the complexity of the job, your custom gear solution can be delivered in days, not weeks.
www.bostongear.com