[Read!] Damn Near Burned The House Down - Space Heaters

[JimDawson]

Had a bit of excitement this morning, and before I even had my coffee.

My roommate uses a small space heater in the bedroom to supplement the house central heating. Practices good safety with regard to the heater, not close to any combustibles, plugged directly into the wall, etc.. No problem there. It's a standard 1500/750W heater, with tip over safety switch and all UL approved.

About 2 weeks ago the original 15 Amp receptacle was getting a little loose after 40 years and appeared to be overheating. I replaced it with a 20 Amp Leviton commercial grade receptacle, nice and tight, good connection. At the same time I inspected the cord and plug on the heater, and other than some slight discoloration on the prongs I didn't see any problems. Cleaned up the prongs and life is good, everything is working fine.

Fast forward to this morning.... FIRE !!!! OH CRAP! Run to the breaker panel and hit the main, which happens to be about 5 feet from the offending area. This all happened in the space of about 30 seconds. Then a glass of water to douse the flames. It was basically the plug end of the cord burning, and maybe the receptacle, and it pretty much self extinguished once the power was off. OK... No real damage except to the cord and receptacle, just a little black soot on the wall above the plug. The wiring in the box showed no sign of damage.





Failure analysis: So how did this happen?

Facts:

• About 2 weeks ago the original receptacle was showing signs of overheating
• Receptacle was replaced
• Cord and plug was inspected
• The fire started a few seconds AFTER the heater was turned OFF.

The cord is the standard over molded 2 conductor. Probably due to the loose receptacle connection and subsequent overheating, the plastic in the plug started to carbonize internally thus creating a current path between the terminals, but not visible externally. As long as the heater was on, the current path was through the heater with very little current flowing between the terminals of the plug due to the relatively low resistance of the heater vs. the current path resistance between the plug terminals. (see Ohms Law for parallel resistors). Once the heater was turned off, the only current path was then between the terminals. And this immediately caused the plug to become a heater. Interestingly enough, the current stayed low enough not to trip a 15 Amp breaker.

Conclusion: The cord was damaged due to overheating. Likely due to the loose receptacle connection over time.

Prevention: In the future if a receptacle needs to be replaced due to signs of overheating, the mating over molded plug needs to be replaced also. You can't see the hidden damage inside of the plastic plug. I would recommend a good quality back wired plug. Don't plug space heaters or other high current draw devices into loose receptacles. I would recommend replacing the cheap over molded plugs on high current draw devices with a quality plug right out of the box. I will be doing this from now on.

We lucked out on this one, there were people in the immediate vicinity and were able to catch it before a disaster occurred.

.
UPDATE: I just ordered 10 Leviton 5266-C industrial grade plugs. https://www.amazon.com/Leviton-5266...+plug&qid=1648069481&sprefix=,aps,160&sr=8-10

I'll be replacing a few plugs on stuff around here.

 

[Aukai]

Good catch, and failure analysis, glad it was not worse. I had to change a wall socket too for over heating, I also screw my wires down, the originals had it just pushing the wire into a hole.

 

[extropic]

Probably nothing to do with your fire, but for the benefit of the unknowing, a 20 amp receptacle should not be installed on a 15 amp circuit. There are many reasons why someone can get away with it, but all those reasons are BS.

I know that you know better and am telling myself that your plan was to substitute a 15 amp receptacle soon.

 

[woodchucker]

Probably nothing to do with your fire, but for the benefit of the unknowing, a 20 amp receptacle should not be installed on a 15 amp circuit. There are many reasons why someone can get away with it, but all those reasons are BS.

I know that you know better and am telling myself that your plan was to substitute a 15 amp receptacle soon.

yes, but try getting a quality 15amp outlet... most are low residential type. The quality type seem to be hard to find these days.

To me the quality ones are the ones with the metal strap going around the back.
They have the 2 brass leaves that allow you to just insert the wire, and tighten down the screw to secure (not the insert and it's done)..
They have the square drive on all screws. I just picked up a leviton that only the ground had the square drive, the others were phillips/slot... I was shocked, as I only brought a square drive up... damn why one and not all ???

 

[cathead]

Thanks Jim for posting this. It's a wake up call for us all. I'm glad your story ended well.

 

[markba633csi]

I always thought the US standard household plugs were inadequate for anything over 10 amps- a joke compared to other world standards
A good qualtity plug can cost as much as the heater itself

 

[woodchucker]

BTW, does anyone trust the Wago connectors... I used them on my bathroom wafer lights, it came with them. I figured low draw... but I have my doubts about using them for more since they are just like the regular insert to connect. My son is using them for a bunch of things, and I told him they are not good for heavy loads in my opinion....

 

[Gaffer]

Thanks, Jim. You were quite lucky and I believe your analysis was spot on!

 

[Gaffer]

BTW, does anyone trust the Wago connectors... I used them on my bathroom wafer lights, it came with them. I figured low draw... but I have my doubts about using them for more since they are just like the regular insert to connect. My son is using them for a bunch of things, and I told him they are not good for heavy loads in my opinion....

I haven't used Wago's personally, but they look solid and get good reviews from electricians.

 

[JimDawson]

Probably nothing to do with your fire, but for the benefit of the unknowing, a 20 amp receptacle should not be installed on a 15 amp circuit. There are many reasons why someone can get away with it, but all those reasons are BS.

I know that you know better and am telling myself that your plan was to substitute a 15 amp receptacle soon.

The only problem is that Leviton doesn't seem to make a 15 Amp commercial grade receptacle. They only seem to be available in a 20 amp, all of the 15 Amp units are residential grade.