It looks like one side of the 24VAC should be grounded, this would be normal. The other side should go to wire 1, then through the breaker, and exits the breaker as wire 3. Follow the schematic through with your volt meter and see at what point you lose power.
With one voltmeter probe on the common terminal of the transformer, 30 or 31, I can't tell from the pictures, the wire may be labeled 2. With the green button pressed, you should have 24VAC on wire 9, and at terminal A1 of KM1. Terminal A2 on KM1 should be directly connected to the common terminal of the transformer.
If you don't have 24VAC on wire 9 then check at wire 5.