If this is happening, I would say that your jaws and scroll or screws are too loose and you have a problem with your chuck.
All metal working chucks that I've used move smoothly and solidly, they are just not going to rattle loose.
Even the woodturning chucks I've used (always scroll chucks, usually the jaws are loose enough that they flop around if nothing is in the chuck) just wouldn't be able to rattle a jaw loose. Most have pin that prevents you from winding the jaws all the way out without removing the pin.
I could see a 4 jaw chuck being out of balance at higher speeds when the jaws are set differently, but you never run so out of balance that everything is jumping around.
I should also have said that spinning an empty chuck for any length of time is rather pointless!
Anytime I may have run an empty chuck it would have been briefly to check something else out (i.e. carriage / cross slide power feed or lead screw engagement).
Anyhow, it sounds like I haven't missed out on a major safety warning. Unlike the other day on this forum when I learned about a drill grabbing thin brass or acrylic sheets and ripping them out of a vise leading to a potential finger loosing event!
-Dave