Matt, look back at that pic of the bare headstock casting. See that step in the bore? The washers' OD are bigger than that ID, they will not pass through. That is why I faced the washers as I did. Otherwise, what would the inner edge of the washers bear against? They are a loose fit on the spindle, and they almost go over the small spacer.
With the outer race tensioned against the outer edge of the washers, and the take-up nut bearing against the inner race, that should preload both bearings. That arrangement has the outer bearings at both ends acting against the headstock casting, with tension against the inner races applied by the nut. At least that is how I see the forces. If I reverse them as you suggest, I don't see how it would give any preload.