Many years ago, I used electrolysis to remove rust from steel but mainly to remove chrome plating from brass, it worked very well.
Recently, I have researched the electrolysis method in depth as I have an upcoming rust removal project, Here is what I have gathered:
The best/safest electrolyte to use is Sodium Carbonate (Washing Soda). Sodium Bicarbonate (Baking Soda) also works, but not as well.
Never use Sodium Chloride as an electrolyte as it will generate Chlorine Gas, which can kill you.
The best material for an anode is Graphite. Apparently, it does not deteriorateit and leaves the solution fairly clean.
The larger the part the more current you'll need, some even report using a DC Arc Welder for a power source!
It can be done without using an external power source by connecting the rusted part to a Zinc Anode with a piece of Iron wire and immersing them in a mild Sulfuric Acid solution (Very important to maintain good electrical connection between the part and the anode).
Any of these methods should always be done outdoors as Hydrogen and Oxygen will be produced, if confined could result in a very powerful explosion (Now don't get any naughty ideas!).