I have a quibble about the third question.
Take a lily pad that is 2" in diameter. After 48 days of doubling, the area covered by the lily pads will be:
(2 * π) * 2^48, or 1.768559 * 10^15 sq inches
or
12,281 billion square feet,
or
440,544 square miles.
The surface area of the earth is:
4 * π * r^2, or 4 * π * (8500 miles * 5280 feet/mile * 12 inches/feet)^2, or 3.644837^18 sq inches
or
25,311,370 billion square feet,
or
907,920,399 square miles.
The real question should be, how many days before all non-lily life is wiped out by the lilies?