I'm no machinist so take this with a grain of salt.... Tooling is available, for small internal splines, using a Rotary Broach. Push through broaches are available and look like they work similarly to the way us hobbyists make keyways by broaching except with lots of slots cut at once. That way they can make involute "teeth". Dead end splines become a trickier game. Has anyone here made them? There are slotting heads available for the other end of a milling machine ram, I've never seen one in operation.
Personally, I've only made a few internal, thru, "splines" by indexing a keyway broach a few times. I used a brass hex bar and indexed to the outside of it. If I needed a dead end spline I'd fasten a thru spline to the shaft. Lots of ways to do that.
I had broached keyways with a 20 ton hydraulic press until I got a 3 ton ratcheting arbore press. Much faster with the arbore press but I've not done bigger keyways on it.
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